The strength of these stories derives, first of all, from a refusal to blink at the finality of waste. Varlam Shalamov, now seventy-three, said to be living in Moscow, spent seventeen years in the forced labor camps of Kolyma, and his life was shattered by this ordeal...
"Kolyma, Kolyma, faraway planet / Twelve months winter, the rest summer." This verse was sung by the forced laborers of Stalin's concentration camps in the northeastern Siberian gold fields where, according to Robert Conquest, 2 to 3 million prisoners perished in temperatures reaching minus 70 degrees C...